The data below show a representative set of data for such an experiment.Īn inspection of the data above reveals that there is no clear linear relationship between the angle of incidence and the angle of refraction. This process can be repeated until a complete data set of accurate values has been collected. The angle of incidence of the laser beam can be changed to 5-degrees and new measurements can be made and recorded. These two angles can be measured and recorded. The ray of laser light therefore exits at the same angle as the refracted ray of light made at the first boundary. The ray does not refract upon exiting since the angle of incidence is 0-degrees (recall the If I Were An Archer Fish page). At the second boundary, the light ray is approaching along the normal to the curved surface (this stems from the geometry of circles).
Once the light ray enters the water, it travels in a straight line until it reaches the second boundary. This ray will refract, bending towards the normal (since the light is passing from a medium in which it travels fast into one in which it travels slow - FST). The angle of incidence can be measured at the point of incidence.
Suppose that a laser beam is directed towards the flat side of the dish at the exact center of the dish. To begin, consider a hemi-cylindrical dish filled with water. In this part of Lesson 2, we will learn about a mathematical equation relating these two angles and the indices of refraction of the two materials on each side of the boundary. The more that light refracts, the bigger the difference between these two angles.
The focus of Lesson 2 is upon the question of "By how much does light refract when it crosses a boundary?" In the first part of Lesson 2, we learned that a comparison of the angle of refraction to the angle of incidence provides a good measure of the refractive ability of any given boundary. Lesson 1, focused on the topics of "What causes refraction?" and "Which direction does light refract?" In that lesson, we learned that light can either refract towards the normal (when slowing down while crossing the boundary) or away from the normal (when speeding up while crossing the boundary). Refraction is caused by the change in speed experienced by a wave when it changes medium. Refraction is the bending of the path of a light wave as it passes across the boundary separating two media.
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